In the history of Poland, Upper Lusatia belonged to our country only for a short time – it was annexed by Bolesław the Brave during the war with Germany in the years 1003-1018. It found itself again within the borders of Poland after 1945, precisely its eastern part. A natural consequence of this situation, from the perspective of historiography, is an attempt to scientifically study the history of the region. While Silesia has rich historical studies, Upper Lusatia still remains a poorly researched area, which is surprising if it take into account how the importance of the border on the Oder and Lusatian Neisse was emphasized during the communist era. The history of the area that is the subject of this presentation was most often talked over together with Silesia, with a lively interest observed only since the beginning of the 21st century. This lecture is an attempt to summarize Polish research interests in Upper Lusatia, as well as a field for reflection on the reasons for this state of affairs and comparison with the achievements of German and Czech science.