The presentation will be an attempt to analyze the significance of the development of Romanesque church architecture in Sardinia for the understanding of political situation of the island and its changes in the 11th-13th centuries. The four independent Sardinian kingdoms (giudicati) that emerged no later than second half of the 11th century, gradually came under political influence of Pisa and Genoa, which eventually resulted in three of them collapsing in the second half of the 13th century. The foundations of Romanesque churches, often associated with the monastic orders invited to the island by rulers of the giudicati, in some cases, through their context, reflect the political situation in specific kingdoms and its changes. This issue will be discussed with consideration of written sources, as well as results of archaeological research and architectural studies.