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Historical works known to medieval Slavs, contained a generalized image of heresy, in which the first heresiarchs, Simon Magus or Arius, occupied an important place. The image of heretics present in this type of literature will be presented using the Chronicle of George the Monk as an example. It contrasts somewhat with the image that scholars seek in polemical literature, seeing in works such as the Sermon of Cosmas the Presbyter or the Dogmatic Arsenal of Euthymius Zigabenos, for example, a toolkit for combating heresies that represent a current challenge to the Church. The talk will show instances of the use of historical literature in the propagation of the right faith by preachers, and the common points of the “historical” and “theological” images of heresy.