The aim of this presentation is to show the untapped research potential of church court records in terms of conducting research on ordinary town and country dwellers. The source material will be the books of the Lublin consistory from the 15th century. The first part of the presentation will characterize the types of cases heard by the ecclesiastical court in which representatives of these social groups appeared. This discussion will be set in the context of the judicial powers of the official of Lublin, but also taking into account the legal awareness of the townspeople and peasants who brought cases. In the second part, the collected material will be analyzed in terms of its potential use for research on the everyday life of the lower strata of the population. Particular attention will be paid to identifying research topics and issues formulated on the basis of this type of source.