The authority exercised by the Medieval Papacy was multifaceted: spiritual (e.g., granting dispensations, indulgences, privileges), jurisdictional (e.g., adjudicating disputes between institutions and private individuals), administrative (e.g., participating in the creation of new ecclesiastical structures) etc. To assert its authority, the Holy See developed a range of instruments through which its power could extend to the peripheries of Christendom (e.g., legations, privileges, bulls). The interventions by the Bishops of Rome were not always arbitrary attempts to impose their supremacy; sometimes, on the contrary, they were desired and anticipated. The purpose of the papers in this panel is to illustrate the various methods used by the Papacy to exercise its authority in the Polish lands and to present the complex dynamics of the relationships between the Holy See and Polish rulers, ecclesiastical institutions, communities, and private individuals. Demonstrating the multidimensional nature of this intricate issue requires that the papers be interdisciplinary and characterized by diverse methodological approaches.